Constructing Two Edge-Disjoint Hamiltonian Cycles in Locally Twisted Cubes

The $n$-dimensional hypercube network $Q_n$ is one of the most popular interconnection networks since it has simple structure and is easy to implement. The $n$-dimensional locally twisted cube, denoted by $LTQ_n$, an important variation of the hypercube, has the same number of nodes and the same number of connections per node as $Q_n$. One advantage of $LTQ_n$ is that the diameter is only about half of the diameter of $Q_n$. Recently, some interesting properties of $LTQ_n$ were investigated. In this paper, we construct two edge-disjoint Hamiltonian cycles in the locally twisted cube $LTQ_n$, for any integer $n\geqslant 4$. The presence of two edge-disjoint Hamiltonian cycles provides an advantage when implementing algorithms that require a ring structure by allowing message traffic to be spread evenly across the locally twisted cube.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

Bank Loan Loss Provision Decisions: Empirical Analysis of U.S. Banks and UK Banks

This paper investigates and compares the determinants of loan loss provisions in the samples of U.S. and UK banks using 3135 bank-year observations from U.S. and 73 bank-year observations from UK. The explanatory variables of in our regression model include bank specific variables, such as earnings before taxes and provisions, total loans and so on and the macroeconomic variable, GDP growth. UK banks data supports the earnings management hypothesis, but fails to support the capital management hypothesis in this study. Nevertheless, the empirical result with respect to U.S. banks fails to support the earnings management hypothesis, but supports the capital management view. Finally, empirical result also proves a negative association between GDP growth and loan loss provisions in UK banks, while samples of U.S. banks fail to support this relationship

The global response: How cities and provinces around the globe tackled Covid-19 outbreaks in 2021

Background: Tackling the spread of COVID-19 remains a crucial part of ending the pandemic. Its highly contagious nature and constant evolution coupled with a relative lack of immunity make the virus difficult to control. For this, various strategies have been proposed and adopted including limiting contact, social isolation, vaccination, contact tracing, etc. However, given the heterogeneity in the enforcement of these strategies and constant fluctuations in the strictness levels of these strategies, it becomes challenging to assess the true impact of these strategies in controlling the spread of COVID-19.Methods: In the present study, we evaluated various transmission control measures that were imposed in 10 global urban cities and provinces in 2021 Bangkok, Gauteng, Ho Chi Minh City, Jakarta, London, Manila City, New Delhi, New York City, Singapore, and Tokyo.Findings: Based on our analysis, we herein propose the population-level Swiss cheese model for the failures and pit-falls in various strategies that each of these cities and provinces had. Furthermore, whilst all the evaluated cities and provinces took a different personalized approach to managing the pandemic, what remained common was dynamic enforcement and monitoring of breaches of each barrier of protection. The measures taken to reinforce the barriers were adjusted continuously based on the evolving epidemiological situation.Interpretation: How an individual city or province handled the pandemic profoundly affected and determined how the entire country handled the pandemic since the chain of transmission needs to be broken at the very grassroot level to achieve nationwide control

Bank Loan Loss Provision Decisions: Empirical Analysis of U.S. Banks and UK Banks

This paper investigates and compares the determinants of loan loss provisions in the samples of U.S. and UK banks using 3135 bank-year observations from U.S. and 73 bank-year observations from UK. The explanatory variables of in our regression model include bank specific variables, such as earnings before taxes and provisions, total loans and so on and the macroeconomic variable, GDP growth. UK banks data supports the earnings management hypothesis, but fails to support the capital management hypothesis in this study. Nevertheless, the empirical result with respect to U.S. banks fails to support the earnings management hypothesis, but supports the capital management view. Finally, empirical result also proves a negative association between GDP growth and loan loss provisions in UK banks, while samples of U.S. banks fail to support this relationship